Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million in its city limits, Berlin is the country’s largest city.[2] It is the second most populous city and the ninth most populous urban area in the European Union.[3] Located in northeastern Germany, it is the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg metropolitan area, comprising 5 million people from over 180 nations.[4]
First documented in the 13th century, Berlin was successively the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701-1918), the German Empire (1871-1918), the Weimar Republic (1919-1933) and the Third Reich (1933-1945).[5] After the Second World War, the city was divided; East Berlin became the capital of East Germany while West Berlin became a Western enclave, surrounded by the Berlin Wall from 1961-1989.[6] Following the reunification of Germany in 1990, the city regained its status as the capital of all Germany.[7]
Berlin is a major center in European politics, culture, media, and science.[8][9][10] It serves as a continental hub for air and rail transport. The city’s economy is primarily based on the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, media corporations, environmental services, congress and convention venues.[11][12] Berlin is the third most-visited tourist destination in the EU.[13] Other industries include traffic engineering, optoelectronics, IT, vehicle manufacturing, health care, biomedical engineering, and biotechnology.
The metropolis is home to world-renowned universities, research institutes, sporting events, orchestras, museums and personalities.[14] Berlin’s urban landscape and historical legacy has made it a popular setting for international film productions.[15] Recognized for its festivals, contemporary architecture, nightlife and avant-garde arts,[16] Berlin has evolved into a focal point for individuals attracted by liberal lifestyle, modern zeitgeist and low cost of living.
